In 1999, SanDisk, Matsushita, and Toshiba agreed to advance and bazaar the Secure Agenda (SD) Anamnesis Card, which was a development of the MultiMediaCard (MMC). The new agenda provided both agenda rights administration (DRM) up to the Secure Agenda Music Initiative (SDMI) standard, and a top anamnesis body for the time.
The new architecture was advised to attempt with the Anamnesis Stick, a DRM artefact that Sony appear the above-mentioned year. It was afield predicted that DRM features50 would be broadly acclimated due to burden from music and added media suppliers to anticipate piracy.
The trademarked SD logo was originally developed for the Super Body Disc, which was the bootless Toshiba admission in the DVD architecture war. This is why the D resembles an optical disc.
At the 2000 Consumer Electronics Appearance (CES) barter show, the three companies appear the conception of the SD Agenda Association (SDA) to advance SD cards. The association's address are in California and it comprises some 30 companies that aftermath accessories and content. Early samples of the SD Agenda were accessible in the aboriginal division of 2000, with assembly quantities of 32 and 64 MB cards accessible 3 months later.
edit Relation to MMC
Size allegory of assorted beam cards: SD, CompactFlash, MMC, xD
The SD cards afflicted the MMC architecture in several ways:
Asymmetrical slots in the abandon of the SD agenda anticipate inserting it upside down, while an MMC will go in a lot of of the way but accomplish no acquaintance if inverted.
A lot of SD cards are 2.1 mm thick, compared to 1.4 mm for MMCs. The SD blueprint defines a agenda alleged Thin SD with a array of 1.4 mm, but they are rare, as the SDA went on to ascertain even abate anatomy factors.
The card's electrical contacts are recessed beneath the apparent of the card, attention them from acquaintance with a user's fingers.
The SD blueprint envisaged capacities and alteration ante beyond those of MMC, and these accept both developed over time. For a allegory table, see below.
Full-sized SD cards will not fit into the slimmer MMC slots, and there are added issues that affect the adeptness to use one architecture in a host accessory advised for the other.
edit Follow-on products
In March 2003, SanDisk Corporation appear the addition of the miniSD and accustomed it at CeBIT 2003.51 The SDA adopted the miniSD agenda in 2003 as a baby anatomy agency addendum to the SD agenda standard. While the new cards were advised abnormally for use in adaptable phones, they are usually packaged with a miniSD adapter which enables affinity with all accessories able with a accepted SD anamnesis agenda slot.
At CTIA Wireless 2005, the SDA appear the baby microSD anatomy agency (and SDHC, with capacities in balance of 2 GB and a minimum abiding apprehend and address acceleration of 17.6 Mbit/s). SanDisk had conceived microSD if its CTO and the CTO of Motorola assured that accepted anamnesis cards were too ample for adaptable phones. The agenda was originally alleged T-Flash, but just afore artefact launch, T-Mobile beatific a cease and abandon adjustment to SanDisk claiming that T-Mobile endemic the brand on T-(anything), and the name was afflicted to TransFlash. TransFlash and microSD cards are the same; anniversary can be acclimated in accessories fabricated for the other.52 SanDisk induced the SDA to administrate the microSD standard. The SDA accustomed the final microSD blueprint on July 13, 2005. Initially, microSD cards were accessible in capacities of 32, 64, and 128 MB.
In April 2006, the SDA appear a abundant blueprint for the non-security accompanying locations of the SD anamnesis agenda accepted and for the Secure Agenda Input Output (SDIO) cards and the accepted SD host controller.
In September, 2006, SanDisk appear the 4 GB miniSDHC.53 Like the SD and SDHC, the miniSDHC agenda has the aforementioned anatomy agency as the earlier miniSD agenda but the HC agenda requires HC abutment congenital into the host device. Accessories that abutment miniSDHC will plan with miniSD and miniSDHC, but accessories afterwards specific abutment for miniSDHC will plan alone with the earlier miniSD card.
In January 2009, the SDA appear the SDXC family, which supports cards up to 2 TB and speeds up to 300 Mbyte/s.
edit Openness of the standard
Dismantled microSD to SD adapter assuming the acquiescent affiliation from the microSD agenda aperture on the basal to the SD pins on the top
Like a lot of anamnesis agenda formats, SD is covered by abundant patents and trademarks. Royalties for SD agenda licences are imposed for accomplish and auction of anamnesis cards and host adapters (1000 USD/year additional associates at 1500 USD/year), but SDIO cards can be fabricated afterwards royalties.
Early versions of the SD blueprint were accessible alone afterwards accordant to a non-disclosure acceding (NDA) that banned development of an accessible antecedent driver. However, the arrangement was eventually reverse-engineered, and chargeless software drivers provided admission to SD cards that did not use DRM. Back then, the (SDA) has provided a simplified adaptation of the blueprint beneath a beneath akin license.54 Although a lot of open-source drivers were accounting afore this, it has helped them break affinity issues.
In 2006, the SDA aswell appear a simplified adaptation of the blueprint of the host ambassador interface (as against to the blueprint of SD cards) and afterwards aswell for the concrete layer, ASSD extensions, SDIO, and SDIO Bluetooth Type-A, beneath a disclaimers agreement.55 Again, a lot of of the advice had already been apparent and Linux had a absolutely chargeless disciplinarian for it. Still, architecture a dent befitting to this blueprint acquired the One Laptop per Child activity to affirmation "the aboriginal absolutely Accessible Antecedent SD implementation, with no charge to admission an SDI authorization or assurance NDAs to actualize SD drivers or applications."56
The actuality that the complete SD blueprint is proprietary mainly affects anchored systems and laptops, back users of desktop PCs about apprehend SD cards via USB-based agenda readers. These agenda readers present a accepted USB accumulation accumulator interface to anamnesis cards, appropriately amid the operating arrangement from the data of the basal SD interface. However, anchored systems (such as carriageable music players) usually accretion absolute admission to SD cards and appropriately charge complete programming information. Desktop agenda readers are themselves anchored systems; their manufacturers accept usually paid the SDA for complete admission to the SD specifications. Many anthology computers now cover SD agenda readers not based on USB; accessory drivers for these about accretion absolute admission to the SD card, as do anchored systems.
The new architecture was advised to attempt with the Anamnesis Stick, a DRM artefact that Sony appear the above-mentioned year. It was afield predicted that DRM features50 would be broadly acclimated due to burden from music and added media suppliers to anticipate piracy.
The trademarked SD logo was originally developed for the Super Body Disc, which was the bootless Toshiba admission in the DVD architecture war. This is why the D resembles an optical disc.
At the 2000 Consumer Electronics Appearance (CES) barter show, the three companies appear the conception of the SD Agenda Association (SDA) to advance SD cards. The association's address are in California and it comprises some 30 companies that aftermath accessories and content. Early samples of the SD Agenda were accessible in the aboriginal division of 2000, with assembly quantities of 32 and 64 MB cards accessible 3 months later.
edit Relation to MMC
Size allegory of assorted beam cards: SD, CompactFlash, MMC, xD
The SD cards afflicted the MMC architecture in several ways:
Asymmetrical slots in the abandon of the SD agenda anticipate inserting it upside down, while an MMC will go in a lot of of the way but accomplish no acquaintance if inverted.
A lot of SD cards are 2.1 mm thick, compared to 1.4 mm for MMCs. The SD blueprint defines a agenda alleged Thin SD with a array of 1.4 mm, but they are rare, as the SDA went on to ascertain even abate anatomy factors.
The card's electrical contacts are recessed beneath the apparent of the card, attention them from acquaintance with a user's fingers.
The SD blueprint envisaged capacities and alteration ante beyond those of MMC, and these accept both developed over time. For a allegory table, see below.
Full-sized SD cards will not fit into the slimmer MMC slots, and there are added issues that affect the adeptness to use one architecture in a host accessory advised for the other.
edit Follow-on products
In March 2003, SanDisk Corporation appear the addition of the miniSD and accustomed it at CeBIT 2003.51 The SDA adopted the miniSD agenda in 2003 as a baby anatomy agency addendum to the SD agenda standard. While the new cards were advised abnormally for use in adaptable phones, they are usually packaged with a miniSD adapter which enables affinity with all accessories able with a accepted SD anamnesis agenda slot.
At CTIA Wireless 2005, the SDA appear the baby microSD anatomy agency (and SDHC, with capacities in balance of 2 GB and a minimum abiding apprehend and address acceleration of 17.6 Mbit/s). SanDisk had conceived microSD if its CTO and the CTO of Motorola assured that accepted anamnesis cards were too ample for adaptable phones. The agenda was originally alleged T-Flash, but just afore artefact launch, T-Mobile beatific a cease and abandon adjustment to SanDisk claiming that T-Mobile endemic the brand on T-(anything), and the name was afflicted to TransFlash. TransFlash and microSD cards are the same; anniversary can be acclimated in accessories fabricated for the other.52 SanDisk induced the SDA to administrate the microSD standard. The SDA accustomed the final microSD blueprint on July 13, 2005. Initially, microSD cards were accessible in capacities of 32, 64, and 128 MB.
In April 2006, the SDA appear a abundant blueprint for the non-security accompanying locations of the SD anamnesis agenda accepted and for the Secure Agenda Input Output (SDIO) cards and the accepted SD host controller.
In September, 2006, SanDisk appear the 4 GB miniSDHC.53 Like the SD and SDHC, the miniSDHC agenda has the aforementioned anatomy agency as the earlier miniSD agenda but the HC agenda requires HC abutment congenital into the host device. Accessories that abutment miniSDHC will plan with miniSD and miniSDHC, but accessories afterwards specific abutment for miniSDHC will plan alone with the earlier miniSD card.
In January 2009, the SDA appear the SDXC family, which supports cards up to 2 TB and speeds up to 300 Mbyte/s.
edit Openness of the standard
Dismantled microSD to SD adapter assuming the acquiescent affiliation from the microSD agenda aperture on the basal to the SD pins on the top
Like a lot of anamnesis agenda formats, SD is covered by abundant patents and trademarks. Royalties for SD agenda licences are imposed for accomplish and auction of anamnesis cards and host adapters (1000 USD/year additional associates at 1500 USD/year), but SDIO cards can be fabricated afterwards royalties.
Early versions of the SD blueprint were accessible alone afterwards accordant to a non-disclosure acceding (NDA) that banned development of an accessible antecedent driver. However, the arrangement was eventually reverse-engineered, and chargeless software drivers provided admission to SD cards that did not use DRM. Back then, the (SDA) has provided a simplified adaptation of the blueprint beneath a beneath akin license.54 Although a lot of open-source drivers were accounting afore this, it has helped them break affinity issues.
In 2006, the SDA aswell appear a simplified adaptation of the blueprint of the host ambassador interface (as against to the blueprint of SD cards) and afterwards aswell for the concrete layer, ASSD extensions, SDIO, and SDIO Bluetooth Type-A, beneath a disclaimers agreement.55 Again, a lot of of the advice had already been apparent and Linux had a absolutely chargeless disciplinarian for it. Still, architecture a dent befitting to this blueprint acquired the One Laptop per Child activity to affirmation "the aboriginal absolutely Accessible Antecedent SD implementation, with no charge to admission an SDI authorization or assurance NDAs to actualize SD drivers or applications."56
The actuality that the complete SD blueprint is proprietary mainly affects anchored systems and laptops, back users of desktop PCs about apprehend SD cards via USB-based agenda readers. These agenda readers present a accepted USB accumulation accumulator interface to anamnesis cards, appropriately amid the operating arrangement from the data of the basal SD interface. However, anchored systems (such as carriageable music players) usually accretion absolute admission to SD cards and appropriately charge complete programming information. Desktop agenda readers are themselves anchored systems; their manufacturers accept usually paid the SDA for complete admission to the SD specifications. Many anthology computers now cover SD agenda readers not based on USB; accessory drivers for these about accretion absolute admission to the SD card, as do anchored systems.
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